| Abstract Detail
Coffee Genomics - Morning Medina-Filho, Herculano [1], Bordignon, Rita [1], Guerreiro-Filho, Oliveiro [1], Maluf, Mirian Perez [1], Fazuoli, Luis Carlos [1]. Breeding of arabica coffee at IAC in Brazil: objectives, problems and prospects. BRAZIL is the world’s leading arabica coffee producer. Ninety percent of cultivars grown derive from IAC breeding program based on exploitation of ample germplasm, long run efforts for artificial hybridizations and extensive evaluations in representative growing regions. As Coffea arabica (2n=44) is 90% selfed, breeding strategies aim at homozygous lines obtained by pedigree or backcross methods. Yield is outstanding in modern cultivars. To be increased, genotype x environment interactions must be exploited or exotic polygenes introgressed. Bean size is minimum in momo and maximum in MgMg cultivars. Bourbons (tt) have smaller beans than common cvs. but superior cup quality. Ct allele is the basis of short stature releases. Further reduction in height might be achieved by combining Sb and Vl but selections are hampered by double dominant episthasis interaction at nursery stage. Nine SH genes for leaf rust resistance in Coffea counterpart pathogenicity v genes in Hemileia vastatrix. SH1, 2, 4, 5 from Ethiopian accessions, SH3 from C. liberica (2n= 22), and the remaining from C. canephora (2n=22) were bred into C. arabica. Changes in prevalent rust races overcome resistance. Durable polygene resistance is difficult to monitor by traditional breeding. Lm1 Lm2 genes for leaf miner resistance from C. racemosa (2n=22) were transferred to C. canephora x C. arabica backcross derived lines. Cultivar release awaits removal of resilient variation from C. canephora and C. racemosa in advanced lines. Nematode resistance of C. canephora derivatives and Ethiopian accessions needs integrated breeding with associated markers. Mokka accession has superior cup quality but momo gene block reduces bean size and yields. C. eugenioides, a diploid ancestor of C. arabica, is source of fine flavor. Initial backcross lines are extremely late with low yields but have distinct cup profile. Presently, 66 cultivars are recommended by IAC for diverse edaphoclimatic regions of Brazil.
Log in to add this item to your schedule
1 - Instituto Agronomico, Centro de Café Alcides Carvalho, Av. Barao de Itapura, 1481, CP 28, Campinas, SP, 13012-970, Brazil
Keywords:
Coffea
Improvement
Cultivars
Germplasm.
Session: SAT01-9
Location: Hall of Ideas Room G/Monona Terrace
Date: Wednesday, July 26th, 2006
Time: 10:00 AM
Abstract ID:119 |
